Wars by Era
4 major conflicts, 43 battles, and an estimated 33,035,000 dead.
The Manchu conquest of China toppled the Ming dynasty, crushed a peasant rebellion that had already seized Beijing, and founded the Qing — the last imperial dynasty, which ruled until 1912. Sixty-five years of invasion, civil war, massacres, and resistance killed an estimated twenty-five million people and reshaped East Asia.
11 battles · 25,000,000 dead
A catastrophic series of conflicts fought primarily in Central Europe, beginning as a religious war between Protestant and Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire and expanding into a continent-wide struggle for power that devastated the German lands and reshaped the European order.
11 battles · 7,450,000 dead
The English Civil Wars were part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a connected series of conflicts in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland over monarchy, parliament, religion, and sovereignty. In England they culminated in the trial and execution of Charles I, republican government, and the Protectorate; the monarchy was restored under Charles II in 1660.
11 battles · 185,000 dead
The Ottoman Empire's last great bid for European conquest broke against the walls of Vienna in 1683 when Jan III Sobieski led the largest cavalry charge in history down the Kahlenberg to shatter the besieging army. The defeat triggered a sixteen-year Holy League counteroffensive that drove the Ottomans from Hungary, Croatia, and Transylvania, climaxing in Prince Eugene of Savoy's annihilation of the Ottoman army at Zenta in 1697. The Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 was the first time the Ottoman Empire ceded major territory — the tide had turned permanently, and the Habsburgs had become a great power.
10 battles · 400,000 dead