May 30, 1913 · Diplomatic Theater
May 30, 1913
The Treaty of London, signed May 30, 1913, ended the First Balkan War. Under the treaty's terms, the Ottoman Empire surrendered virtually all its remaining European territory — ceding everything west of a line from Enos on the Aegean coast to Midia on the Black Sea. Only a small zone around Constantinople remained in Ottoman hands. Crete was ceded to Greece, and the status of the Aegean Islands was left for the Great Powers to determine. Crucially, the treaty said nothing about how the conquered territories would be divided among the victors — this ambiguity was immediately exploited by Bulgaria, which felt it deserved the lion's share of Macedonia, and by Serbia and Greece, which had already struck a secret bilateral agreement to partition the region between themselves.
Commanders