1899 – June 1900 · Shandong and Zhili provinces, North China Theater
1899 – June 1900
Amid drought, famine, and resentment at foreign missionaries and railways, the secret society of the 'Boxers' — the Righteous and Harmonious Fists, who believed martial rituals made them invulnerable to bullets — spread across the North China plain, attacking Christian converts, missionaries, churches, railways, and telegraph lines. Thousands of Chinese Christians were killed as the movement swelled toward Peking.
Commanders