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French Empire
Coalition
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Crossing of the Berezina

November 26–29, 1812 · Russia Theater

French operational escape but strategic catastrophe. The Grande Armée was effectively destroyed as a fighting force. Napoleon abandoned the army on December 5 to race back to Paris.

November 26–29, 1812

As Napoleon's shattered Grande Armée retreated westward through the bitter Russian winter, Russian forces converged from three directions to trap the French at the Berezina River, which had partially thawed making it impassable by foot. In a remarkable feat of improvisation, General Eblé's pontoon engineers worked for three days and nights in freezing water, constructing two bridges under fire. French rear-guard corps fought desperate actions on both banks to hold the crossing open while the remnants of the army staggered across. Thousands of stragglers, camp followers, and wounded who reached the bridges too late were killed or captured when the bridges were destroyed.

  • Crossing of the Berezina

Commanders

French Empire · Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte
French Empire · Marshal Claude Victor
French Empire · Marshal Nicolas Oudinot
Coalition · Admiral Pavel Chichagov
Coalition · General Peter Wittgenstein