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Republic of China
Imperial Japan
← All battles of Sino-Japanese War

Chongqing Bombing Campaign

February 18, 1938 · Southwest China — Chongqing Theater

China's wartime capital endured five years of aerial bombardment; civilian morale, though tested, did not break; Japan failed to force a negotiated peace.

February 18, 1938

Japan bombed China's wartime capital Chongqing continuously from 1938 to 1943 in the world's first sustained strategic terror-bombing campaign against a civilian population. Japanese aircraft flew 218 separate raids over five years, killing an estimated 10,000–25,000 civilians and destroying much of the city. The bombings were designed to break Chinese morale and force Chiang Kai-shek to negotiate. They failed completely — and hardened Chinese resolve.

  • Chongqing Bombing Campaign

Commanders

Imperial Japan · General Yoshijiro Umezu
Republic of China · General He Yingqin
Republic of China · Claire Chennault