Hundred Years' War

2,800,000

estimated total dead

Each dot below represents 1,000 human lives. Scroll to watch the scale unfold.

Military Dead

300,000 soldiers killed in combat, from wounds, or from disease. Each = 1,000 lives.

England — 100,000 military dead

France — 200,000 military dead

Civilian Dead

2,500,000 civilians killed — from violence, famine, disease, and displacement. Wars are not fought only by soldiers.

Civilian dead — 2,500,000

Deadliest Engagements

Sluys (naval)22,000

Verneuil8,600

Agincourt8,450

Siege of Orléans7,500

incl. 500 civilians

Poitiers5,500

Crécy4,300

Formigny4,274

Castillon4,100

For Perspective

How Hundred Years''s dead compare to other conflicts and events.

Hundred Years' — total dead2,800,000

Battle of Hastings (1066)10,000

Crusades (all, c. 1095–1291)2,000,000

Black Death in France (1347–1352)7,000,000

Milestones of Loss

500,000 dead

Military death figures are highly uncertain — medieval chronicles rarely distinguished between killed in action, wounded, and died of disease. Estimates for individual battles vary by factor of two or more between sources.

1,500,000 dead

Civilian deaths are dominated by famine, plague, and the systematic destruction of agricultural capacity through chevauchée raiding, not direct massacre. The Black Death (1347–1352) accounts for the majority of the 2.5 million civilian estimate and is inseparable from the war's effects on the French countryside.

2,500,000 dead

The war's 116-year span makes aggregate statistics difficult to compile. English casualties in France are especially poorly documented since most English dead were left on French soil without systematic record-keeping.

All figures are historical estimates and vary across sources. The true human cost of war is impossible to fully quantify — these numbers represent the best scholarly consensus. Each number was a person with a name, a family, and a life unlived.