October 8, 2023 – September 2024 · Northern Israel / Southern Lebanon Theater
October 8, 2023 – September 2024
From the day after October 7, Hezbollah began a sustained campaign of rocket, anti-tank missile, and drone attacks on northern Israel — displacing 60,000–80,000 Israelis from border communities. Israel retaliated with targeted strikes on Hezbollah commanders and infrastructure. The exchange gradually escalated through 2024. In July, Israel killed Hezbollah commander Fuad Shukr in a targeted strike in Beirut. On September 27, 2024, Israel killed Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah — the most powerful figure in Lebanon for 32 years — in a massive airstrike on Hezbollah's Beirut headquarters. In October, Israel launched a ground operation into southern Lebanon.
Commanders