The Human Cost

Rwandan Genocide

800,000

estimated total dead

Each dot below represents 1,000 human lives. Scroll to watch the scale unfold.

Military Dead

50,000 soldiers killed in combat, from wounds, or from disease. Each = 1,000 lives.

undefined — 40,000 military dead
undefined — 10,000 military dead

Civilian Dead

750,000 civilians killed — from violence, famine, disease, and displacement. Wars are not fought only by soldiers.

Civilian dead — 750,000

Deadliest Engagements

RPF Military Offensive60,000
Bisesero Armed Resistance50,000

incl. 49,000 civilians

Hutu Refugee Exodus to Goma50,000

incl. 45,000 civilians

Kibuye Prefecture Massacres12,000

incl. 12,000 civilians

Nyamata Church Massacre10,000

incl. 10,000 civilians

Fall of Kigali1,000
Murder of Prime Minister Uwilingiyimana12

incl. 2 civilians

Assassination of President Habyarimana4

For Perspective

How 's dead compare to other conflicts and events.

— total dead800,000
Days of killing100
Average daily death rate8,000
UN peacekeepers present at peak of killing270
Tutsi population killed70
Percentage of Rwanda's total population killed10
Machetes imported from China in 19931,993

Milestones of Loss

2 dead

Approximately 2 million Hutus fled Rwanda after the RPF victory, fearing reprisals — including ~50,000 who died of cholera in Goma camps

95 dead

An estimated 95% of the Tutsi population of Kibuye Prefecture was killed

250,000 dead

Approximately 250,000–500,000 women and girls were raped during the genocide; HIV was deliberately spread as a weapon

500,000 dead

Estimates of total dead range from 500,000 to 1,000,000; 800,000 is the most widely cited figure and is used by the UN

533,333 dead

The Rwandan genocide proceeded at a rate approximately five times faster than the Holocaust in its most intensive phase

All figures are historical estimates and vary across sources. The true human cost of war is impossible to fully quantify — these numbers represent the best scholarly consensus. Each number was a person with a name, a family, and a life unlived.